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A ladder-shaped folding toy — a rare graphic satire on the separation of George IV and Queen Caroline published after the opening of the ‘trial’ of Queen Caroline on 17 August 1820. It was printed to be sold with a popular pamphlet of the same name, which ran to numerous editions that year, but the two are rarely found preserved together, and the toy/print is very rare (lacking in most library copies). This copy has never been folded into a ladder and is loose, as sold, in its original plain paper wrapper. The form of the print is based on another contemporary paper toy (The Matrimonial Ladder) on the ups and downs of marriage, which was also being offered by sellers of books, prints and novelties in 1820.
‘George IV’s determination, following his succession to the throne in 1820, to finally obtain a divorce from his estranged wife, Caroline of Brunswick, sparked an opposition campaign, both in Parliament and in the country, which threatened the survival of Lord Liverpool’s Tory administration. It also led to extensive proceedings in the House of Lords, which took on the appearance of a state trial. On 5 June 1820 Caroline, who had been living abroad for the past six years, arrived unexpectedly in England to claim her right to be crowned queen. The government, under intense pressure from the king, reluctantly agreed to introduce a bill of pains and penalties into the House of Lords, which would have annulled the royal marriage and deprived Caroline of her title. She thereupon became the unlikely beneficiary of a wave of indignant public sympathy, being perceived as a ‘wronged woman’ who was bravely struggling to uphold her rights against a callous political establishment’ (’The Queen Caroline Affair, 1820’ in The History of Parliament, online). BM Satires 13808

A rare (probably otherwise unrecorded) handbill for an artisan cork maker in the rue de la Huchette, Paris. Monsieur Liégard, doing business in Liége, in Spain, Portugal and elsewhere, offers corks of all sorts and all forms of fittings for the outirage or ‘racking’ of wine (transfer technique carried out to eliminate the lees and other particles that have settled at the bottom of a cask). From the oenological collection of Bernard Chwarz, bound in appropriate folding boards of natural cork paper.

First edition in French of La città del sole, the seventeenth-century utopian work in which Campanella described a just society where goods, women and children are held in common and work is evenly distributed. It was understandably of great interest to early socialist and communist thinkers, though did not appear in French until this translation by the French Fourierist, François Villegardelle, who also translated More’s Utopia. Despite its influence on emergent French socialism, this is now a rare book. WorldCat locates copies at: International Labour Office (DC), MacMaster and Stanford only outside continental Europe. LibraryHub locates copies at BL and London Library.

An attractive and representative taufbrief or baptismal certificate traditionally given by godparents to a child at baptism, This example is for one Johanne Christiane Henriette Wahrbinder, baptised in 1828. The folding exterior has four evangelists, each both seated and standing, together with a larger baptismal scene showing mother, father and child at the font with a priest an (in this case) a godmother. Other examples by this printer have variations (presumably according to the intended recipient). The interior bears a variant of a traditional baptismal prayer beginning:
‘Du bist, mein Pathchen, nun geweiht,
Dich künftig Christ zu nennen...’
With eight folds making the sheet into a small square package, taufbrief were sometime given with coins or religious objects enclosed, sealed in with wax. This example has no trace of wax sealing.

Five drawings from the early stages of the Second World War, presumably for commercial publication in France, of which four are on the theme of the song ‘We’re Going to Hang out the Washing on the Siegfried Line’ by Irish songwriter Jimmy Kennedy, written whilst he was a Captain in the British Expeditionary Force during the early stages of the Second World War. The defensive Siegfried Line was constructed by Germany in the 1930s, opposite the French Maginot Line but was widely ridiculed by the Allies in the opening year of the war who threatened to treat the defence as no more than a clothes line. The popular sentiment expressed in the song is extended in these French cartoon drawings in which the Amercian, British Union Jack and French Tricolor are pegged out on the line. One of the sketches shows a young soldier in uniform hugged by his wife and children in a typical enlistment scene.

First editions of two influential early Hebrew grammars. William Robertson was one of the earliest writers to attempt to teach Hebrew through English to a broad readership, the title, remarkably for the period, stressing that Hebrew can be learned by ‘any ordinary capacity of either sexe’ or ‘any knowing Christian, Man or Woman. The first part, The First Gate, or the Outward Door to the Holy Tongue, Opened in English is a reissue with cancel title of A Gate or Door to the Holy Tongue (1653) intended as the first part of a projected course of Hebrew instruction and was issued here with its continuation, the first edition of The Second Gate, or the Inner Door to the Holy Tongue (1655). The first part combines a Hebrew grammar with explanations of the Hebrew text of Obadiah and of the the Decalogue (the Ten Commandments), while the much larger second part consists of a Hebrew lexicon or dictionary.
The book was published during the English Commonwealth, when interest in Hebrew studies was unusually intense among Protestant intellectuals. Many believed that recovering the original languages of Scripture was essential to religious reform, allowing ordinary people direct access to Hebrew scripture without clerical interpretation Some circles also connected Hebrew studies with hopes for the conversion of the Jews and millenarian expectations.
Robertson was born in Edinburgh and graduated MA there by 1651 before moving to London and establishing himself as a teacher of Hebrew. ‘Robertson found patrons in the puritan establishment: the member of parliament John Sadler... the lord chief baron of the exchequer, William Steele... and, most notably, his distinguished pupil and benefactor Lady Ranelagh, née Katharine Boyle, the beloved elder sister of Robert Boyle (Oxford DNB).
The first Gate has the original title page of the 1653 edition cancelled by a bifolium, as called for, with the second leaf of the bifolium bearing an endorsement of the work signed on verso by James Cranford and 21 others (all London pastors) together with the called-for additional bifolium (here bound before A2) bearing a dedication to the author's ‘respected friend’ (another reissue, Wing R1611, lacks this bifolium). cf. Wing R 1611 (alternative issue without additional bifolium) and R 1618.

Abridged from Bryan Edwards’s work of the same title (1793) and his Historical Survey of the French Colony in the Island of St Domingo (1797). Together, these works became the standard British histories of the region, with valuable accounts of the operation of the slave trade. In 1791, Edwards had been part of the British relief expedition to the French colony of Saint Domingue. Son of a Jamaica slave-owner, Edwards had been leading member of the colonial assembly of Jamaica, but in a few years returned to England trading as a West India merchant. He supported the Atlantic slave trade, but was open to the improvement of the conditions for enslaved people in the region. He was described by abolitionist William Wilberforce as a powerful opponent.

Apparently otherwise unrecorded, a souvenir print of the first parachute descent in England, made by the French aeronaut André-Jacques Garnerin, jumping from a hydrogen balloon. The ascent and descent attracted huge crowds, and was recorded in numerous contemporary prints, some satirical, some informational.
Garnerin had already gained global fame for executing the world’s first successful parachute descent in Paris in 1797. During the Peace of Amiens in 1802, he traveled to London with his wife, Jeanne-Geneviève (herself a pioneering female parachutist), to tour his aerial exhibitions. His first jump was over London, as recorded here, followed by others, including one at Sydney Gardens in Bath, an event probably witnessed by Jane Austen, then living at number 4 Sydney Place.
The full caption reads: ‘The Balloon & Parachute with which Monsr. Garnerin ascended from St, Georges Parade on Sept. 21st 1802. He descended by the latter in safety near St. Pancras Middx. The first experiment of this kind ever performed in England’.

A Regency counter or ‘staking’ board with original printed green label ‘Dunkartons Repository – For Fancy Articles. – 452 Strand, Wholesale and Retail’. Pope Joan was a card game popular in both the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the name a corruption of the French Nain jaune, the original form of the game. This example would originally have been mounted on a wooden spindle and stand (not now present) to allow it to revolve freely.
This example was offered by Dunkarton’s Repository, a fashionable shop operated by Mary Dunkarton and her husband, the notable mezzotint engraver Robert Dunkarton, at 452 Strand. Mary Dunkarton was recorded at this address as a milliner and haberdasher between 1781 and 1809, and the address in appears in the imprint of Dunakerton’s prints around the year 1810.
Though widely played before 1800 its first published rules appeared in Hoyle’s Games (edition of 1814), with the ‘staking board’ having eight compartments labelled: Ace, King, Queen, Jack, Game, Pope, Matrimony and Intrigue. Each player receives a number of counters, or chips, whose value is determined by the players involved in the game. The 8 of diamonds is then removed from the pack to form a ‘stop sequence’. The aim of the game is to run out of cards before anyone else. The game features in Humphreys’ famous satirical print of 1796, ‘Lady Godina’s Rout’ depicting the Lady Georgiana Gordon, Duchess of Bedford at play in a state of dishabillée, while Dickens later portrays it as an innocuous family parlour game in the Pickwick Papers.

A very scarce Revolutionary imprint of this classic English apology for tyrannicide, issued against Robespierre during the Terror.
It is a translation by the abbé de Marigny, of Killing no Murder which had first appeared in English in Holland in 1657 and in French the following year (apparently to encourage the assassination of Cardinal Mazarin). ‘... about May 1657, there arrived in England copies of an apology for tyrannicide, entitled Killing Noe Murder, published by Sexby in Holland, evidently with the assistance of Silius Titus, under the name of Sexby’s former fellow agitator William Allen. Sexby argued that Cromwell was a tyrant on a par with Caligula and Nero. However stable, his reign was an abrogation of law which constituted the enslavement of the English people and threatened the outright corruption of English society. In such circumstances the private citizen was perfectly within his rights in seeking to exact the punishment for which responsibility ought normally to rest with God and the magistrate. Tyranny being the suspension of the normal course of law, tyrannicide could not be regarded as an act of murder’ (Oxford DNB). cf. Quérard, I, 271-272. Rochedieu, French Translations of English Works, 332. WorldCat lists only a small handful of copies of this 1793 reprint.

First edition of this survey of the fundamental changes made to female education in France between 1879 and 1887, France fundamentally reformed female education, moving from Catholic-dominated, basic instruction to a state-run, secular, and more academic system. Legislation such as the 1880 so-called Camille Sée law, established the first public secondary schools for girls (lycées) to produce educated ‘republican mothers,’ focusing on academic study rather than just needlework. The author was deputy director of the French ministry of public education. He dedicates the book to Camille Sée.

First edition of this rare practical programme for female secondary education. The so-called Duruy Reforms of 1865 instituted a new programme of secondary instruction geared towards practical careers in business and administration. While they also reformed primary education for girls, they did little for their secondary education, as noted in the foreword here by Madame Charles Sauvestre, instutrice. She concludes that the private initiatives are the only way of circumventing this, and the Guide pratique pour les écoles professionnelles de jeunes filles is a brief but complete guide to the practicalities and particularities of secondary schools for girls, starting with budget estimates for their foundation and maintenance. Much of detail is provided by the tables, which include three-year curricula with breakdowns of the necessary subjects, encompassing, letters, sciences, arts, and practical studies. ‘Letters’ comprise literacy in French and other living languages (not Latin), as well as history, geography, cosmography, domestic economy and ethics (religion is absent). ‘Sciences’ include mathematics (especially mental and commercial arithmetic), accounting, botany, zoology and mineralogy. ‘Arts’ include writing, drawing, geometry, ornament, industrial drawing, engraving, painting on porcelain and singing (formal music and panel painting notably absent). ‘Practical studies’ include couture (dressmaking), embroidery, tapestry, artificial flowers, lacemaking and paper crafts. Each of these subjects is broken down further into specific lessons with their place in a termly and weekly timetable divided into hours. A final chapters gives recommendations for the organisation of a library and a list of recommended books and authors. WorldCat: Library of Congress only outside Europe.

First edition, presentation copy, arguing for the proper provision of university education for women. The author surveys recent developments around the world, notably in the United States, where the women’s education movement has been most marked (and citing the Philadelphia medical school and the University of Michigan as examples) and in Great Britain (citing University College, London, Girton and Somerville Colleges at Cambridge and Oxford respectively). WorldCat locates a single copy: Università Bocconi, Milan.

First edition of one of the celebrated French clairvoyant’s earliest and rarest works, in which she reported an angelic appearance at Louis XVI’s tomb and revealed the contents of a tablet of prophecies for the era of the Restoration of the French monarchy. Like Le Normand’s later works it is couched in terms of dreams, predictions and angelic interventions. Marie-Anne Le Normand (1772–1843) was a celebrated (but also notorious) clairvoyant. Famed throughout Europe for her exclusive clientele, she popularised cartomancy and spawned an enormous wave of imitators. At the height of her career she claimed to have advised the likes of Robespierre, Talleyrand, Metternich, the Empress Josephine and the Russian Emperor Alexander; others argued that the whole thing was a sham, and she was frequently arrested, spending several weeks in prison. She is perhaps best remembered today for the cartomancy tarot decks named after her (’Lenormand cards’).
Le Normand was not only successful as a clairvoyant, but as a businesswoman, publisher and bookseller, with most of her works carrying her own imprint (as here) and sold at her shop in the rue de Tournon. At this early date she evidently operated her own press, with the half-title giving an address in nearby rue de Seine. Later works were generally printed for her by other presses. Caillet 6515. WorldCat: British Library only. While there are several copies in French libraries it is apparently absent from the Bibliothèque nationale. Arbour, Dictionnaire des femmes libraires en France, p. 343.

First edition of Le Norman’s predictions issued in the wake of the July Revolution of 1830 and the restoration of the monarchy under Louis Philippe, events welcomed by Le Normand, who saw the ghost of Louis XVI as her protector. Like her previous collections, it consists of accounts of her ‘visions intuitives’ and ‘Révélations politiques, symboliques, prophètiques, somnambulismes etc’. Throughout the nineteenth century, writers and pamphleteers repeated that tale of the ‘Little Red Man’ purported to be from an old folk tale dating back to the creation of the Tuileries Palace (1564) in which Le Petit Homme Rouge (a genie, or ghost) had appeared to the kings and queens living in the palace on the eve of great events, from Catherine de Medici to Napoleon. Here Le Normand uses him to recount the counsel given to Napoleon at Malmaison in 1793, that France could never be a democracy. Chapter five is set at the Scottish royal palace of Holyrood where the deposed Charles X had lived between 1796-1803
The title verso has an advert for eleven works hitherto published and still marketed by Le Normand at her shop in rue de Torunon, all priced, together with three fothcoming works ‘sous presse’ and a collected works in 10 volumes. Caillet 6514 (’Ouvrage peu commun’).

Presumed first or sole edition of this bilingual English-Japanese picture book showing the costumes of men and women of the various ranks of orders of Japanese society. It includes aristocratic and military subjects, as well as servants, scholars, labourers and craftspeople. The English preface states ‘These books are not only designed to please children, but to show the manners and customs of the ancient and modern people of Nippon. The fine illustrations afford an important aid in this respect. It is through the eye that understanding itself is most quickly reached’.
It was printed by the Poole Women’s College in Osaka. Arthur William Poole, after whom the Osaka Women’s School was renamed in 1890, was the first Anglican Bishop of Japan. The school had been founded as the Church Missionary Society school and its head teacher from 1890 to 1928 was the Durham-born missionary educator, Katherine Tristram, one of the early female graduates of the University of London. When she was appointed ‘there were at the school two other British women apart from Tristram, as well as eight Japanese teachers, including four women, and there were forty-nine pupils, of whom twenty-three were Christians’ (Oxford DNB).

A splendid bibliophilic caricature. ‘The bouquiniste in pleasure’ shows a crouching bookseller, his sleeves made of reused book-covers, offering a variety of books to a voracious bibliophile, whose pockets are already stuffed with treasures. The print is signed simply ‘XX’ but is attributed to Auger by the Bibliographie de France of 1817. Adrien-Victor Auger (1787-1854) had been a student of David, he exhibited at the Salons of 1810, 1824 and 1834 and satirised fashionable Paris society through his lively engraved and lithographed prints.

Despite his former military success in service in the American and French Revolutionary wars Custine was found guilty of treason by a majority vote of the Revolutionary Tribunal on 27 August, and guillotined the following day. ‘Custine (an ex-noble) was guillotined on 28 Aug. (in spite of his previous victories), accused of having treacherously caused the fall of Frankfort, Condé, Valenciennes, and Mayence. According to the English newspapers, he “kissed the crucifix, embraced his confessor... and at last was brought to the guillotine by force”’ (BM Satires).
‘Custine stands on the scaffold beside the guillotine (left). Four ragged ruffians are about to bind him to the plank on which he is to lie; one says, “By Gar so we will serve all de Generals who do not conquer de whole World, and give them de Libertè [sic]”. Custine says, “Pardon me Heaven for having been leagued with such a set of Blood hounds”. A stout soldier pushes a weeping priest, who says “Let us Pray”, down the steps (right) which lead up to the scaffold, saying, “Go to de diable & Your Prayers both”. Below (right) stand republican soldiers with fixed bayonets much caricatured. On the extreme left a man kneels at the guillotine holding his hat in place of the usual basket; he says, “Begar I will have a Drink of de blood.” BM Satires, 8340; De Vinck 6176; Krumbhaar 785.

‘Down, down, to Hell & say A Female Arm has made one bold Attempt to free her Country’ reads the speech emerging from Charlotte Corday’s mouth as she holds a bloodied dagger, just withdrawn from the body of Marat, who has fallen to the ground. The subtitle reads: ‘Who [Corday], while he [Marat] was villifying some of the more moderate men in the Convention and asserting that they should lose their heads stabed [sic] him saying, Villain thy death shall precede theirs.’ Charlotte Corday was condemned to the guillotine for the murder of Jacobin leader Jean-Paul Marat. Aged just 25 at her death, she was later nicknamed l’ange de l’assassinat (the Angel of Assassination) for her actions and was posthumously revered by Royalists for her stand against the injustices of the era of the Terror.
News of Marat’s assassination (on 13 July), without details, reached London on 22 July making this the earliest dated British print to depict her. Several later prints, including another by Gillray, depicted her trial and execution. BM Satires 8336; De Vinck 5298; Krumbhaar 1077.

Issued in a small number of typescripts for private circulation. An extraordinary short history and summary of several interesting cases that occurred in the New York Branch of the Office of Naval Intelligence, compiled by Hollis H. Hunnewell, Voluntary Aide with other staff members for Lieutenant-Commander Spencer Eddy, Officer-in-Charge. It covers an important era of development, when the ONI (the oldest member of the US intelligence network) was tasked with espionage in monitoring foreign threats, both in naval affairs and domestically, detecting hostile acts among non-American communities, and acting as censor for cable communications. Though the author states in the inserted letter ‘I must lay stress on the fact that these pages are strictly confidential in nature, and for your own personal use’, the books seems, in retrospect, to be a rather reckless exposition of the Office’s actvities.
It is both serious and comical, with the the first half of its text setting out the history and aims of the ONS, its personnel and departmental structure, and the second half presenting a series of humorous anecdotes. The Office’s departments comprised: the executive and the espionage departments together with departments for: cables, plant protection, commercial, banking, Latin-American, I.W.W (for surveillance of the unions or ‘Industrial Workers of the World’), Russian and Czecho-Slovak, legal and file. A paragraph each describes their remit and a photographic copy of a flow-chart diagram explains the procedure of communication between agents and officers. A list of officers (including Eddy and Hunnewell) is provided, comprising voluntary aides, agents, enlisted men, enlisted men detailed to the Postal Censorship Office, enlisted women, civilians, telephone officers. The text then becomes an account of humorous mistakes and misunderstandings, presumably for the amusement of former members of the office. These are accompanied by well-known illustrator Maginel Wright Enright’s lighthearted vignettes (presumably commissioned for this account) which would be charming except for one obviously racist caricature accompanying an equally racist anecdote. There are two stories of botched espionage attempts using dictographs: one in which the apparatus was hidden in what was thought to be a disused fireplace in the home of a suspect (with predictable consequences) and another in which agents pick up only sounds of an amorous encounter between and agent and a suspect.
Worldcat locates two copies one at Georgetown University, the other in the US Naval War College Library. The latter is digitised, and contains one additional photograph (a group photo of officers) not present in our copy (probably never bound in). Though the texts are essentially identical, minor typographic variances confirm that copies were individually typed rather than duplicated. Our copy (unlike the NWCL copy) is specially bound in the style of Cobden Sanderson at the Rose Bindery, Boston (which was owned by the author, Hunnewell).